Respiratory Failure: Recognition, Physiology, and Management in Acute Care

Source: Respiratory Failure: Recognition, Physiology, and Management in Acute Care by Daniel Stone, MD

Respiratory failure represents the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate oxygenation or eliminate carbon dioxide and is often a sign of end organ dysfunction. In this February 2026 Acute Care Series lecture, participants reviewed a structured, physiology-driven approach to distinguishing hypoxemic, hypercapnic, and mixed respiratory failure. The session emphasized recognizing early signs of respiratory distress, understanding pulmonary and carbon dioxide physiology, and identifying when laboratory criteria confirm progression to respiratory failure.

The training explored key diagnostic tools including chest x-ray and venous blood gas interpretation, while reinforcing the importance of assessing for concurrent end organ damage across pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, hematologic, and neurologic systems. Practical management strategies were discussed, including targeted oxygen therapy, positive end-expiratory pressure, noninvasive ventilation modalities such as CPAP and BiPAP, and indications for mechanical ventilation. Participants also examined the risks of premature intubation and the importance of aligning ventilatory support with prognosis and goals of care.

As part of KOPI Medical’s ongoing monthly Acute Care Series, this lecture reinforces systematic decision-making in high-risk presentations and equips clinicians working in resource-variable environments with practical, evidence-informed strategies for managing respiratory emergencies. Feb 2026 Respiratory Failure

Slides: Click here to view